Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Bioactive Compounds in Aegopodium podagraria Leaf Extracts and Their Effects against Fluoride-Modulated Oxidative Stress in the THP-1 Cell Line

doi: 10.3390/ph14121334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antioxidant potential in THP-1 cell cultures with Aegopodium podagraria leaf extracts (ABTS; enzyme activity: SOD—superoxide dismutase, CAT—catalase).

Article Snippet: The activity of antioxidant enzymes was measured using the Superoxide Dismutase Assay Kit, Catalase Assay Kit (Cayman Chemical Company).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Negative Control, Solvent

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: STAT3-RXR-Nrf2 activates systemic redox and energy homeostasis upon steep decline in pO 2 gradient

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nrf2 signaling in lung and its downstream systemic effects. a). Representative immunoblots of Nrf2 and PRDX6 in lung tissue and of GPX3 and TR2 in plasma with bar-graph depicting their levels in each group. Lung tissue: Nrf2 levels increase in 10 K (22,000 AU), decrease in 15 K (12,000 AU) and revert to BL levels (16,000 AU) in 25 K (A) group. PRDX6 slightly decrease in 10 K (14,000 AU), decline drastically in 15 K (1000 AU) and recover sharply in 25 K (A) (11,000 AU) as compared to BL (17,000 AU). Plasma: GPX3 levels increase slightly in 10 K (14,000 AU), increase further (27,000 AU) and decline to close to normoxic levels (11,000 AU) in 25 K (A) group. TR2 levels decline noticeably in 15 K group (7000 AU) and recover close to normoxic levels (11,000 AU) in 25 K (A) group. Results are expressed as Mean ± SEM of autoradiograms’ pixel intensities (Arbitrary units). Mean was calculated from three separate experimental replicates. * represents p-value < 0.001. b). Heat map representing the statistically significant antioxidant proteins’ perturbations across 10 K, 15 K and 25 K (A) groups. The trends observed across the three groups were based on normalized fold change values where baseline (BL) group had fold change value of 1. Green signifies downregulation and red signifies up-regulation. Fold change values ≤ 0.66 signified down-regulation while ≥ 1.4 signified up-regulation of protein level. c). Fold change values of select redox-stress specific transcripts from PCR-Array performed using lung tissue. Across major antioxidants’ transcripts 15 K group samples show declining levels, except in Txnrd2 (TR2) which shows increased fold change in 15 K group. d). ELISA was performed on lung tissues and plasma to assess Hemopexin levels. In lung tissue, hemopexin declines in 10 K (0.1 fold change) and 15 K groups (0.25 fold change) and rebounds to normoxic levels (1.0 fold change) in 25 K (A) group. In plasma, there is significant increase in hemopexin levels in 15 K (2.1 fold change) before levels decline in 25 K (A) (1.3 fold change) Bar graph depicts results from each group as Mean ± SEM. Mean was calculated from three separate experimental replicates. * represents p-value < 0.001. e). Bar graph depicting thioredoxin reductase 2 (TR2) activity levels in each group across lung tissue and plasma. In 15 K group, lung tissue show maximum decline in TR2 activity (1 unit/mg protein) while plasma has highest activity (19 units/mg protein). In 25 K (A) group, TR2 activity resurges in lung (3 units/mg protein) but declines in plasma (8 units/mg protein). Results are depicted as Mean ± SEM. Mean was calculated from three separate experimental replicates. * represents p-value < 0.001. f). Bar graph depicting Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels in each group across lung tissue and plasma. In 15 K group, lung tissue witness a decline in SOD activity (0.2 units/mg protein) while plasma shows increased SOD activity (0.2 units/mg protein). In 25 K (A) group, lung tissue has highest SOD activity (1.0 unit/mg protein) while plasma SOD activity declines (0.1 unit/mg protein). Results are depicted as Mean ± SEM. Mean is calculated from three separate experimental replicates. * represents p-value < 0.001. g). Bar graph depicting total glutathione (GSH) concentration in all groups across lung tissue and plasma. In lung tissue, GSH levels increase in 10 K (75 µM), decrease in 15 K (47 µM) and increase again in 25 K (A) (65 µM). In plasma, GSH levels decrease slightly in 10 K (5 µM), increase in 15 K (13 µM) and fall back close to normoxic levels (7 µM) in 25 K (A). Results are depicted as Mean ± SEM. Mean was calculated from three separate experimental replicates. * represents p-value < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Quantification of Superoxide dismutase activity was accomplished using EnzyChrom™ superoxide dismutase assay kit (Cat # ESOD-100, Bioassay systems, USA) as per the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Article Title: Hepatoprotective and hepatoregenerative therapeutic effects of polyherbal medicine Heparmin TM on Rattus norvegicus Wistar with liver fibrosis

doi: 10.56808/3027-7922.2397

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2: Tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and clinical parameters. Polyherbal Heparmin normalized SOD activity, decreased oxidative damage marker MDA, prevented biliary complications and hypolipidemia, and normalized serum albumin. Heparmin did not decrease further urine volume. All data were shown as median and 95% confidence interval. Asterisks indicate values statistically different compared to that of normal group

Article Snippet: CCl4 was from Fluka Chemicals (UK), silymarin (#S0292), LOLA (#O1725), goat anti-mouse IgG-AP antibody (#3562), 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (#B5002), tetramisole HCl ((#L9756), BCIP/nitro blue tetrazolium ((#B1911), and Nuclear Fast Red (#N8002) were purchased from Sigma– Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), mouse monoclonal antibody anti-BrdU (#SC-32323) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA), Vectamount (#H5000, Vector Labs.), and Superoxide Dismutase Assay Kit (#7500-100-K) from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Marker